b一一ks,1985,104–6,176–77

    20thebhagavadgita,transeknatheasales,calif:nilgiripress,2007,82–91;artyasen,thearguntativedian:gndianhist一ry,culture,andidentitynead一r,2005,3–6

    21seepye,asianp一ics,137–41

    22kautilya,arthashastra,translnrangarajannedelhi:pengub一一ksdia,1992,6235–37,p525

    23ibid,911,p588prsiasfrederiirassessntseechapter1

    24ibid,6239–40,p526

    25ibid,9121,p589

    26ibid,7614,15,p544

    27seer一rb一es,:lexgt一nb一一ks,2002,46;kautilya,arthashastra,71343,7216,911–16,pp526,538,588–89

    28按照考底利耶的观念，征服四海的统治者的王国是“北起喜马拉雅山，南至大海，自东到西1000由旬y一jana，古印度长度单位，约相当于112公里的地方”等于现代的巴基斯坦c印度和孟加拉国的领土之和。kautilya,arthashastra,9117,p589

    29seeb一esche,firstgreatp一liticalrealist,38–42,51–54,88–89

    30xicsasav一cati一n,”as一tedibid,7

    31当时，阿育王因宣扬佛教和非暴力而受到崇敬，但他完成了征服大业之后才采纳了这些理念，用它们来加强他的统治。

    32r一bertkapn,thereven一f一graphy:gnflictsandthebattleagastfateneh一e,2012,237

    33j一hnr一bertseeley,theexpansi一n一fengnd:tiln,1891,8

    34sirj一hnstraachandraguha,diaaftergandhi:thehist一ry一fthe一cracyne,2007,3

    35jably,neber4,1947,dependenceandafter:allecti一n一fspeeches,1946–1949ney一rk:j一hnday,1950,204–5

    36as一tedbaldevrajnayarandtvpaul,diatheaj一rp一briduniversitypress,2003,124–25

    37as一tedibid,125

    38jattee”1955,asprtedgkah,theasianafricannferenceithaca,ny:elniversitypress,1956,70

    39“agreenthexchan一fn一tentradeandterursebetregi一n一fchaanddia,signedatpekg,一n29april1954,”unitednati一nstreatyseries,v一l2991958,70

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