yprinciplesandnotionsofthepeople,thestudentwillthenbeinapositiontodirecthisstudytothesocialrelationsofthepeople;toseehowtheseprinciplesareappliedandcarriedout.Butthesocialinstitutions,mannersandsofapeopledonotgrowup,likemushrooms,inanight,butaredevelopedandformedintowhattheyare,throughlouries.Itisthereforenecessarytostudythehistoryofthepeople.NowthehistoryoftheesepeopleisasyetalmostunknowntoEuropeanscholars.Theso-calledHistoryofa,byMr.DemetriusBoulger,publishedretly,isperhapstheworsthistorythatcouldhavebeenwrittenofacivilisedpeopleliketheese.SuchahistoryasMr.BoulgerhaswrittenmightbetoleratedifwrittenofsomesuchsavagepeopleastheHottentots.Theveryfactthatsuchahistoryofacouldhavebeenpublished,servesonlytoshowhowveryfarfrombeingperfectyetistheknowledgeofeseamongEuropeans.Withoutaknowledgeoftheirhistory,therefore,nocorrectjudgmentbeformedofthesocialinstitutionsofapeople.SuchworksasDr.WilliamssMiddleKingdomandotherworksonafromwantofsuowledge,arenotonlyuselessforthepurposeofthescholar,butareevenmisleadingforthemassofgeneralreaders.Justtotakeoahesocialceremonyofthepeople.Theesearecertainlyaceremoniouspeople,anditistruethattheyowethistotheinflueheteagoffucius.NowMr.Balfourmayspeakofthepettifoggingobservancesofaceremoniallifeasmuchashepleases;heless,even"thebowsandscrapesofexternalde,"asMr.Gilescallsthem,havetheirrootsdeepintheuniversalnatureofman,inthatsideofhumannature,namely,whichwehavedefihesehebeautiful."Intheuseofceremony,"saysadiscipleoffucius,"whatisimpo