d thatimplies Slav recognition of the authority of the Byzantine Emperor in return for which he conficomd their possession of the lands which they were occupying.
[91]Cf.J.Moravcsik,‘Zur Geschichte der Onoguren’,Ungarische Jahrb.10(1930),53 ff.,and the full bibliography in Byzantinoturcica Ⅰ,2nd ed.,112 ff.
[92]Theophanes A.M.6171=679/80(not 678/9;corresponding to Ostrogorsky,‘Chronologie’1 ff)。
[93]Theophanes 359,7 ff.;Nicephorus 35,15 ff.
[94]Theophanes 359,7 ff.,describes the seven Slav tribes,and it is quite clear,especially from Theoph.359,20(where the Byzantine Emperor is compelledto the Bulgars)thatis not‘treaty’,as Zlatarski,Istorija I,1(1918),142 ff.,tries to show,but‘tribute’,as rightly maintained by J.Dujcev,‘Protobulgares et Slaves’,Sem.Kond.10(1938),145 ff.,who also correctly adds that according to Theophanes the obligation to pay tribute did not exend to the Severi.Nevertheless,the latest history of Bulgaria,published by the Bulgarianulgarija,Sofia,1954,p.65),speaks of an alliance which the Protobulgars are said to have made with the Slavs,and even with the Slav state.Cf.also D.Angelov and M.Andreev,Istorija na Buulgarskata duurzava i pravo(History of the Bulgarian state and law),Sofia,1955,59.
[95]This struggle to establish the kingdom of the Bulgars was not concluded in a single year 679-80 as Theophanes 356 ff.says,but probably lasted on into the sucomr of 681(as noted by Kulakovskij,Istorija Ⅲ,249,from Mansi Ⅺ,617).This